Esther Phillips
Esther Phillips | |
|---|---|
 Phillips in 1976 | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Esther Mae Washington[1] |
| Also known as | Little Esther Phillips |
| Born | December 23, 1935 Galveston, Texas, US |
| Died | August 7, 1984 (aged 48) Carson, California, US |
| Genres | R&B, blues, pop, country, jazz, soul |
| Occupation | Vocalist |
| Years active | 1949–1984 |
| Labels | Atlantic, Kudu, Mercury, Lenox |
Esther Phillips (born Esther Mae Washington;[1] December 23, 1935 – August 7, 1984)[2] was an American singer, best known for her R&B vocals.[3] She rose to prominence in 1950, scoring several major R&B hits including "Double Crossing Blues" and "Mistrustin' Blues" under the moniker "Little Esther". In the 1960s, she achieved chart success with the country song "Release Me" and recorded in the pop, jazz, blues and soul genres. Phillips received a Grammy nomination for her single "Home Is Where the Hatred Is" in 1973 and her disco recording of "What a Diff'rence a Day Makes" was a major hit in 1975. She died from liver and kidney failure due to long-term drug abuse in 1984.
Biography
[edit]Early life
[edit]Phillips was born Esther Mae Washington in Galveston, Texas, U.S. Her parents divorced during her adolescence, and she divided her time between her father, in Houston, and her mother, in the Watts section of Los Angeles. She was brought up singing in church and was reluctant to enter a talent contest at a local blues club, but her sister insisted. A mature singer at the age of 14, she won the amateur talent contest in 1949 at the Barrelhouse Club, owned by Johnny Otis. Otis was so impressed that he recorded her for Modern Records and added her to his traveling revue, the California Rhythm and Blues Caravan, billed as Little Esther. She later took the surname Phillips as her stage name, reportedly inspired by a sign at a gas station.[4]
Early career
[edit]Her first hit record was "Double Crossing Blues", with the Johnny Otis Quintette and the Robins (a vocal group), released in 1950 by Savoy Records, which reached number 1 on the Billboard R&B chart. She made several hit records for Savoy with the Johnny Otis Orchestra, including "Mistrusting Blues" (a duet with Mel Walker) and "Cupid's Boogie", both of which also went to number 1 that year. Four more of her records made the Top 10 in the same year: "Misery" (number 9), "Deceivin' Blues" (number 4), "Wedding Boogie" (number 6), and "Far Away Blues (Xmas Blues)" (number 6). Few female artists performing in any genre had such success in their debut year.[3]
Phillips left Otis and the Savoy label at the end of 1950 and signed with Federal Records. But just as quickly as the hits had started, they stopped. She recorded more than thirty sides for Federal, but only one, "Ring-a-Ding-Doo", made the charts, reaching number 8 in 1952. Not working with Otis was part of her problem; the other part was her deepening dependence on heroin, to which she was addicted by the middle of the decade.[5]
In 1954, she returned to Houston to live with her father and recuperate. Short on money, she worked in small nightclubs around the South, punctuated by periodic hospital stays in Lexington, Kentucky, to treat her addiction. In 1962, Kenny Rogers discovered her singing at a Houston club and helped her get a contract with Lenox Records, owned by his brother Lelan.
Comeback
[edit]Phillips eventually recovered enough to launch a comeback in 1962. Now billed as Esther Phillips instead of Little Esther, she recorded a country tune, "Release Me", with the producer Bob Gans. This went to number 1 on the R&B chart and number 8 on the pop chart. After several other minor R&B hits for Lenox, she was signed by Atlantic Records. Her cover of the Beatles' song "And I Love Him" nearly made the R&B Top 20 in 1965. The Beatles flew her to the UK for her first overseas performances.[6] In July 2018, Paul McCartney recalled "the earliest [Beatles cover] that really caught my ear was by Esther Phillips ... "And I Love Him" which is really great. I love it."[7]
She had other hits in the 1960s for Atlantic, such as the Jimmy Radcliffe song "Try Me", which featured a saxophone part by King Curtis (and is often mistakenly credited as the James Brown song of the same title), but she had no more chart-toppers. Her heroin dependence worsened, and she checked into a rehabilitation facility. There she met the singer Sam Fletcher. While undergoing treatment, she recorded some sides for Roulette in 1969, mostly produced by Lelan Rogers. On her release, she returned to Los Angeles and re-signed with Atlantic. Her friendship with Fletcher resulted in a performance engagement at Freddie Jett's Pied Piper club in late 1969, which produced the album Burnin'. She performed with the Johnny Otis Show at the Monterey Jazz Festival in 1970.
The 1970s and 1980s
[edit]"With her lubricious, naturally sardonic high vibrato, this modern blues singer is well equipped to carry Dinah Washington's torch, and a club date with the likes of Chuck Rainey and Cornell Dupree is the perfect place for her to shine her light—even the horn overdubs sound hot."
–Review of Burnin' in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981)[8]
One of her biggest post-1950s triumphs was her first album for the Kudu label, From a Whisper to a Scream, in 1972. The lead track, "Home Is Where the Hatred Is", an account of drug use written by Gil Scott-Heron, was nominated for a Grammy Award. Phillips lost to Aretha Franklin, but Franklin presented the trophy to her, saying she should have won it instead.[9]
In 1975, she released a disco-style update of Dinah Washington's "What a Diff'rence a Day Makes", her biggest hit single since "Release Me". It reached the Top 20 in the United States and the Top 10 in the UK Singles Chart.[10] On November 8, 1975, she performed the song on an episode of NBC's Saturday Night (later called Saturday Night Live) hosted by Candice Bergen. The accompanying album of the same name became her biggest seller yet, with arranger Joe Beck on guitar, Michael Brecker on tenor sax, David Sanborn on alto sax, Randy Brecker on trumpet, Steve Khan on guitar and Don Grolnick on keyboards.
She continued to record and perform throughout the 1970s and early 1980s, completing seven albums for Kudu/CTI and four for Mercury Records, which signed her in 1977. Her first album for Mercury, You've Come a Long Way, Baby, was released that year; according to Village Voice critic Robert Christgau, "using Kudu producer Pee Wee Ellis and the basic Kudu formula—mixing blues and standards and rock with MOR and disco crossovers—she comes up with her most consistent album of the '70s."[8]
In 1983, she charted for the final time with "Turn Me Out" which reached number 85 on the R&B chart. She completed recording her final album, A Way To Say Goodbye a few months before her death; it was released by the Muse jazz label in 1986.
Death
[edit]Phillips died at UCLA Medical Center in Carson, California, in 1984, at the age of 48, from liver and kidney failure due to long-term drug abuse.[11] Her funeral services were conducted by Johnny Otis.[9]
Originally buried in an unmarked pauper's grave at Lincoln Memorial Park in Compton,[12] she was reinterred in 1985 in the Morning Light section at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Hollywood Hills, in Los Angeles. A bronze marker recognizes her career achievements and quotes a Bible passage: "In My Father's House Are Many Mansions" (John 14:2).
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
[edit]Phillips was twice nominated for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, in 1986 and 1987, but has not yet been inducted.[13]
Blues Hall of Fame
[edit]In 2023 Phillips was inducted in the Blues Hall of Fame.[14][15]
Grammy nominations
[edit]| Esther Phillips Grammy Award History[16] | |||||
| Year | Category | Title | Genre | Label | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 | Best Rhythm & Blues Vocal Performance – Female | "Set Me Free" | R&B | Atlantic | Nominee |
| 1972 | Best Rhythm & Blues Vocal Performance – Female | "From a Whisper to a Scream" | R&B | Kudu/CTI | Nominee |
| 1973 | Best Rhythm & Blues Vocal Performance – Female | "Alone Again (Naturally)" | R&B | Kudu/CTI | Nominee |
| 1975 | Best Rhythm & Blues Vocal Performance – Female | "What a Diff'rence a Day Makes" | R&B | Kudu/CTI | Nominee |
Discography
[edit]Albums
[edit]| Year | Title | Label | US [17] |
US Jazz [17] |
US R&B [17] |
AUS [18] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1963 | Release Me | Lenox | 46 | - | ||
| 1965 | And I Love Him! | Atlantic | - | |||
| 1966 | Esther Phillips Sings | - | ||||
| The Country Side of Esther | - | |||||
| 1970 | Live at Freddie Jett's Pied Piper | - | ||||
| Burnin' (Live) | 115 | 12 | 7 | - | ||
| 1972 | From a Whisper to a Scream | Kudu/CTI | 137 | 16 | - | |
| Alone Again, Naturally | Kudu/CTI | 177 | 15 | 26 | - | |
| 1974 | Black-Eyed Blues | 205 | 15 | 17 | - | |
| 1975 | Performance | 27 | 46 | - | ||
| Esther Phillips and Joe Beck | 3 | - | ||||
| What a Diff'rence a Day Makes | Kudu/CTI | 32 | 13 | 99 | ||
| 1976* | Capricorn Princess | Kudu/CTI | 150 | 23 | 40 | - |
| Confessin' the Blues* | Atlantic* (1966, 1970)[19] | 170 | 26 | 35 | - | |
| For All We Know | Kudu/CTI | 32 | 33 | - | ||
| 1977 | You've Come a Long Way, Baby | Mercury | - | |||
| 1978 | All About Esther | - | ||||
| 1979 | Here's Esther, Are You Ready | 47 | - | |||
| 1981 | Good Black Is Hard to Crack | - | ||||
| 1986 | A Way to Say Goodbye | Muse (Compilation). | - |
Singles
[edit]| Year | Single | Chart positions | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US | US R&B |
US AC |
AUS [18] |
UK [2] | ||
| 1950 | "Double Crossing Blues"* | — | 1 | — | — | — |
| "Mistrusting Blues"* | — | 1 | — | — | — | |
| "Misery"* | — | 9 | — | — | — | |
| "Cupid's Boogie"* | — | 1 | — | — | — | |
| "Deceivin' Blues"* | — | 4 | — | — | — | |
| "Wedding Boogie"* | — | 6 | — | — | — | |
| "Far Away Blues (Xmas Blues)"* | — | 6 | — | — | — | |
| 1952 | "Ring-a-Ding-Doo" | — | 8 | — | — | — |
| 1962 | "Release Me" | 8 | 1 | — | — | — |
| 1963 | "I Really Don't Want to Know" | 61 | — | — | — | — |
| "Am I That Easy to Forget" | 112 | — | — | — | — | |
| "You Never Miss Your Water (Til the Well Runs Dry)"** | 73 | — | — | — | — | |
| "If You Want It (I've Got It)"** | 129 | — | — | — | — | |
| 1964 | "Hello Walls" | — | 36 | — | — | — |
| 1965 | "And I Love Him" | 54 | 11 | 14 | — | — |
| "Moonglow and Theme from Picnic" | 115 | — | 28 | — | — | |
| "Let Me Know When It's Over" | 129 | — | — | — | — | |
| 1966 | "When a Woman Loves a Man" | 73 | 26 | — | — | — |
| 1969 | "Too Late to Worry, Too Blue to Cry" | 121 | 35 | — | — | — |
| 1970 | "Set Me Free" | 118 | 39 | — | — | — |
| 1972 | "Home Is Where the Hatred Is" | 122 | 40 | — | — | — |
| "Baby, I'm for Real" | — | 38 | — | — | — | |
| "I've Never Found a Man (To Love Me Like You Do)" | 106 | 17 | — | — | — | |
| 1975 | "What a Diff'rence a Day Makes"*** | 20 | 10 | 29 | 38 | 6 |
| 1976 | "For All We Know" | — | 98 | — | — | — |
| 1983 | "Turn Me Out" | — | 85 | — | — | — |
Notes: *With the Johnny Otis Orchestra. **With Big Al Downing. ***"What a Diff'rence a Day Makes" also reached number 2 on the US Dance chart. Another two-sided single, "Magic's In the Air" / "Boy I Really Tied One On", peaked at number 5 on the same chart in 1976.
Complete singles for Federal Records, 1951–1953
[edit]All released on 45- and 78-rpm records
- 1951
Federal 12016, "The Deacon Moves In" (with the Dominoes) / "Other Lips, Other Arms"
Federal 12023, "I'm a Bad, Bad Girl" / "Don't Make a Fool Out of Me"
Federal 12036, "Lookin' for a Man to Satisfy My Soul" / "Heart to Heart" (with The Dominoes)
Federal 12042, "Cryin' and Singin' the Blues" / "Tell Him That I Need Him"
- 1952
Federal 12055, "Ring-a-Ding-Doo" (with Bobby Nunn) / "The Cryin' Blues"
Federal 12063, "Summertime" / "The Storm"
Federal 12065, "Better Beware" / "I'll Be There"
Federal 12078, "Aged and Mellow" / "Bring My Lovin' Back to Me"
Federal 12090, "Ramblin' Blues" / "Somebody New"
Federal 12100, "Mainliner" (with 4 Jacks) / "Saturday Night Daddy" (with Bobby Nunn)
- 1953
Federal 12108, "Last Laugh Blues" (with Little Willie Littlefield) / "Flesh, Blood and Bones"
Federal 12115, "Turn The Lamp Down Low" (with Little Willie Littlefield) / "Hollerin' and Screamin'"
Federal 12122, "You Took My Love Too Fast" (with Bobby Nunn) / "Street Lights"
Federal 12126, "Hound Dog" / "Sweet Lips"
Federal 12142, "Cherry Wine" / "Love Oh Love"
Taken from the original logbooks of the defunct Federal Records, which I copied decades ago.I?
Filmography
[edit]- Television
- 1965: The Music of Lennon & McCartney, musical guest[20]
- 1970: The Barbara McNair Show, musical guest[21]
- 1970: The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, musical guest
- 1975: Saturday Night Live, musical guest
- 1975: Soul Train, Musical Guest
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Esther Phillips continued". Ebony. October 1972. p. 177.
- ^ a b Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records. p. 425. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
- ^ a b Santelli, Robert (2001). The Big Book of Blues: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Penguin Books. p. 376. ISBN 0-14-015939-8.
- ^ Freeland, David (2001). Ladies of Soul. University Press of Mississippi. p. xxiii. ISBN 1-57806-331-0.
- ^ Larkin, Colin (1995). The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music. p. 3246. ISBN 1-56159-176-9.
- ^ McCartney, Paul; Lennon, John; Harrison, George; Starr, Ringo (2000). The Beatles Anthology by Beatles. Chronicle Books. p. 196. ISBN 0-8118-2684-8.
- ^ McCartney, Paul (July 25, 2018). "Paul McCartney with Jarvis Cocker at LIPA, July 25, 2018" (video). youtube.com. Paul McCartney.
- ^ a b Christgau, Robert (1981). "Consumer Guide '70s: P". Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies. Ticknor & Fields. ISBN 089919026X. Retrieved March 10, 2019 – via robertchristgau.com.
- ^ a b O'Neal, Jim; van Singel, Amy (eds.) (2002). The Voice of the Blues: Classic Interviews from Living Blues Magazine. Routledge. p. 376. ISBN 0-415-93653-5.
- ^ Larkin, Colin. The Guinness Encyclopedia of Popular Music, Guinness. p. 3247.
- ^ "Blues Singer Esther Phillips Dead at 48", Baltimore Afro-American, August 4, 1984.
- ^ "Esther Phillips' Remains Reinterred At Forest Lawn", Jet, September 2, 1985.
- ^ "Complete List of Nominees and Inductees to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame". 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2012.
- ^ Grein, Paul (2023-03-15). "Esther Phillips, Josh White & More to Be Inducted into Blues Hall of Fame: Full List of 2023 Inductees". Billboard. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
- ^ Ehrenclou, Martine (2023-03-15). "Blues Hall of Fame 2023 Inductees Announced". ROCK AND BLUES MUSE. Retrieved 2023-04-16.
- ^ "The Envelope, Awards Database". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
- ^ a b c Steve Huey. "Esther Phillips biography". All Music. Rovi Corp. Retrieved July 7, 2012.
- ^ a b Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992 (illustrated ed.). St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. p. 233. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
- ^ The wrong date is often given for this album, on the Internet and on LPs. The original recording dates were in 1966 and 1970. The album was reissued in 1976 under the 1966 title. Some of the personnel on the album were no longer alive in 1976, so the album could not have been recorded that late.
- ^ "Full cast and crew for The Music of Lennon & McCartney (1965)". Internet Movie Data base. IMDb.com, Inc. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- ^ "Biography for Little Esther Phillips". Internet Movie Data base. IMDb.com, Inc. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
External links
[edit]- Allmusic biography
- Esther Phillips discography at Discogs
- Esther Phillips at Find a Grave
- 1935 births
- 1984 deaths
- Musicians from Galveston, Texas
- American rhythm and blues singers
- Drug-related deaths in California
- Atlantic Records artists
- Jazz-blues musicians
- Modern Records artists
- Mercury Records artists
- Muse Records artists
- Singers from Texas
- Singers from California
- Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
- 20th-century American singers
- 20th-century American women singers
- CTI Records artists