User:Ish ishwar/draft

link:

http://www.etnolinguistica.org/

j-k

ą æ̋ æ̨̋ æ̀ e̋ į̋ į̀ į i̋ ɨ ɨ̨̋ ɨ̏ ɨ̨̀ ǫ ǫ̂ ő ɔ̨ ɔ ɔ́ ɔ̨́ ʔ ʸ ʰ · š

Jemez p		Kiowa p
-pǫ	'noise, sound'	pǫʔe	'to sound, ring'
pɨ̨̋- (compound form)	'sight, seeing'	pǫ- (compound form)	'to see'
mɨ̨̋	'to see'	bǫ̂	'to see'
pæ̋	'to be dead'	pe	'dead'
pį̀·	'to go out of fire'	pɔ̨·	'to extinguish'
pį̀-kʸi	'to extinguish'
pæ̋pɨʔye, pètɨ	'brother'	pa·bi
pe̋	'to think'	pe-l
pe̋	'sun, summer'	pa-e
pè	'fear'
pèʔa	'to fear'	pe	'to fear tr.'
pæ̨̋·	'deer'	pį	'food, meal'
pæ̀hele-š	'rug'	pa-l	'bed, bedding, quilt'
Jemez p’		Kiowa p’
p’æ̋·	'moon'	p’ɔ-
p’æ̋·	'sister'	p’i
p’į̋·	'to twist'	p’ǫ-n	'to braid'
p’æ̀	'water'	p’ɔ	'river'
		ʔɔ· (compound form)	'river, water'
p’į̋·t’o	'5'	ʔɔ́nt’ɔ
Jemez φ		Kiowa pʰ
φő·	'rope, snare'	pʰo	'trap, snare'
φòh	'to break wind, smell of skunk'	pʰo-	'to vent wind'
φòʔ	'head louse'	pʰo
φő-se	'to blow'	pʰo-l-e
φæ̀ʔ	'light, flame'	pʰí
φæ̀ʔya	'fire'
φà	'body hair'	pʰɔ·-
φő·la	'head hair'
φò·	'bush'	pʰe-p
φò-š	'leaf'	pʰo-l	'branch, limb'
Jemez t		Kiowa t
ti̋	'to say, utter'	tǫ-
tɨ̏·-	'house, building, structure'	tó·
tɨ̨̋	'to stretch, pull'	tę-m	'to pull'
tɨ̨̋-	'whistling'	t
tɨ̨̋-š	'whistle, flute'	tǫ-bɔ·-t	'flute, wind instrument'
Jemez s		Kiowa t
se̋	'eye'	ta
sè	'to be cooked, done'	ta	'to be ripe, cooked'
sæ̋-	'to wake intr.'	ta-e
sɨ̨̀ʔ	'fat'	tǫ-n
Jemez t’		Kiowa t’
t’ò-š	'face'	t’ó-ba
t’à·	'antelope'	t’a-p-	'deer, antelope'
t’à·	'antelope'	t’ɔ·-	'deer, antelope'
t’æ̀-kʸe	'to hear, understand'	t’ɔ
t’æ̋h	'liver'	t’ɔ-l	'liver, kidney'
t’e̋š	'to break string, rope'	t’a-t	'to sever one, cut one, break a string in one place'
t’ő-le	'to cut, sever'
t’e̋-pe	'to trap'	t’a·-dɔ	'to shut in'
we̋·-t’e	'cold'	t’o	'to be cold'
Jemez š		Kiowa tʰ~c
šį̋·	'to drink'	tʰǫ́-m
šį̋·	'to find'	tʰɔ̨-n
šà-pe	'to shoot with an arrow'	tʰɔ-t-gɔ	'to shoot'
šòʔ	'to go out, exit'	tʰe-p
šæ̨̋	'to arrive'	cą-n
Jemez k		Kiowa k
kɨ̨̋-ma-kʸe	'to buy'	kɔ̨́·dɔ-
kɨ̨̋	'to bring'	kɔ̨́-n
ke̋·-	'swimming'	kɔ·-
kɨ̨̋·	'dance'	ku-n-gʸa

k

1)	X-u-pax-ij	ri	achin	ri	b’ojoy
	com-3sE-break-tr	the	man	the	pot
	‘The man broke the pot’

2)	[DP	Ru-tz’e’	[NP	a	Xwan] ]	x-u-k’ux	ri	ak’wal.
		3sErg-dog		cl	Juan	com-3sErg-bite	the	child
	‘Juan’s dog bit the child.’

3)	K’o	jun	ch’oy	[PP	chrij	ri	chak’at ].
	exist	a	mouse		behind:3sErg	the	chair
	‘There is a mouse behind the chair.’

4)	A	Xwan	x-u-tij	[QP	r-onojel	ri	kinäq ].
	cl	Juan	com-3sErg-eat		3sErg-all	the	bean
	‘Juan ate all the beans.’

• 1) X-u-pax-ij ri achin ri b’ojoy
  

com-3sE-break-tr the man the pot
‘The man broke the pot’

• 2) [_DP Ru-tz’e’ [_NP a Xwan]] x-u-k’ux ri ak’wal.

3sErg-dog cl Juan com-3sErg-bite the child
‘Juan’s dog bit the child.’

• 3) K’o jun ch’oy [_PP chrij ri chak’at].

exist a mouse behind:3sErg the chair
‘ There is a mouse behind the chair.’

• 4) A Xwan x-u-tij [_QP r-onojel ri kinäq].
  

cl Juan com-3sErg-eat 3sErg-all the bean
‘Juan ate all the beans.’

m

$\left(C\right)V\left({\begin{Bmatrix}C\\:\end{Bmatrix}}\right)$

t

ʔɑ̄ˈhū "you killed him"

ˈʔɑ̄hū "he's washing it"

ʔæ̃̄nˈʔɑ̄ "they two washed themselves"

ˈʔæ̃̄nˌʔɑ̄ "they two washed him"

ˈtsũ̄ "to pass by"

ˈtsũ̀ "to suck"

ˈwɛ̃̄mæ̃̄ "one"

ˈwɛ̃̀mæ̃̄ "it's real"

ˈpūɛ̄lɑ̄næ̃̄ "frying pan"

ˌmūɑ̄jǣˈʔǣnǣ "steer, ox" < Sp. buey

ˈtʰɤ̄tʰɑ̄ "by the day"

ˌtʰɤ̀ˈʔɤ̄nǣ "day"

-jǽ (future)

ˈpʰūj "he blew (intrans.)"

ˈpʰùtsī "he blew (trans.)"

ˈt’ɑ́ "he did, danced"

ˌt’ɑ̄ˈʔɑ̄nɛ̄ "a dance"

ˈt’ɛ̃́ "he cut"

ˌt’ɛ̃̄ˈʔɛ̄nɛ̄ "act of cutting"

ˈmæ̃̀p’ɤ̄w "he squeezed"

mæ̃̀ˈp’ɤ̄wmæ̃̄ "it was squeezed"

ˈmæ̃̀t’ɛ̄mæ̃̄ "he hit"

mæ̃̀ˈt’ɛ̄mmǣ "it was hit"

ˈʔùpʰūɑ̄ "he dropped"

kùˈpʰūɑ̄nɛ̄ "act of dropping"

ˈtʰɑ̃̀ "he found"

ˈtʰɑ̃̄nɛ̄ "act of finding"

ˈk’ɑ̄læ̃̄ "he ate"

ˈk’ɑ̄lhū "he's eating"

ˈhīʔæ̃̄ngæ̃̄ ~ ˈhīʔæ̃̄ng "why"

ˈtsɛ̃̄læ̃̄ "he caught"

wɑ̀ˈtsɛ̃̄lī "he didnt catch"

v

	s	d	p
1	ti-	ʔã-n-	ʔi-
2	ʔo-	mã-n-	mã-
3	—	ʔã-n-	ʔi-

	s	d	p
1	pi-	ʔã-pẽ-n-	ʔi-pi-
2	ʔi-	mã-pẽ-n-	mã-pi-
3	ʔi-	ʔã-pẽ-n-	ʔi-pi-

	s	d	p
1	ʔo-	kã-n-	ki-w-
2	ku-	mã-n-	mã-w-
3	ʔu-	ʔã-n-	ʔi-w-

	s	d	p
1	ti-nã-	ʔã-n-nã-	ʔi-nã-
2	ʔo-nã-	mã-n-nã-	mã-nã-
3	nã-	ʔã-n-nã-	ʔi-nã-

1.s-3.s.n
1.d-3.s.n
1.p-3.s.n
2.s-3.s.n
2.d-3.s.n
2.p-3.s.n
3.s-3.s.n
3.d-3.s.n
3.p-3.s.n

ti-

ʔã-n-

ʔi-

ʔo-

mã-n-

mã-

—

ʔã-n-

ʔi-

pi-

ʔã-pẽ-n-

ʔi-pi-

ʔi-

mã-pẽ-n-

mã-pi-

ʔi-

ʔã-pẽ-n-

ʔi-pi-

ʔo-

kã-n-

ki-w-

ku-

mã-n-

mã-w-

ʔu-

ʔã-n-

ʔi-w-

ti-nã-

ʔã-n-nã-

ʔi-nã-

ʔo-nã-

mã-n-nã-

mã-nã-

nã-

ʔã-n-nã-

ʔi-nã-

---

1.s-3.s.n
2.s-3.s.n
3.s-3.s.n
1.d-3.s.n
2.d-3.s.n
3.d-3.s.n
1.p-3.s.n
2.p-3.s.n
3.p-3.s.n

ti-

ʔo-

—

ʔã-n-

mã-n-

ʔã-n-

ʔi-

mã-

ʔi-

pi-

ʔi-

ʔi-

ʔã-pẽ-n-

mã-pẽ-n-

ʔã-pẽ-n-

ʔi-pi-

mã-pi-

ʔi-pi-

ʔo-

ku-

ʔu-

kã-n-

mã-n-

ʔã-n-

ki-w-

mã-w-

ʔi-w-

ti-nã-

ʔo-nã-

nã-

ʔã-n-nã-

mã-n-nã-

ʔã-n-nã-

ʔi-nã-

mã-nã-

ʔi-nã-

biblio

Entering America : northeast Asia and Beringia before the last glacial maximum / edited by D.B. Madsen.

The great journey : the peopling of ancient America / Brian M. Fagan.

The settlement of the American continents : a multidisciplinary approach to human biogeography / edited by C. Michael Barton ... [et al.].

Bones : discovering the first Americans / Elaine Dewar.

Thompson, Raymond H. ed. Migrations in new world culture history.

The first Americans : in pursuit of archaeology's greatest mystery / J.M. Adovasio with Jake Page.

In the hands of the great spirit : the 20,000 year history of American Indians / Jake Page.

Archaeology of communities : a new world perspective / Marcello-Andrea Canuto and Jason Yaeger.

The ancient Americans : a reference guide to the art, culture, and history of pre-Columbian North and South America / Juan Schobinger ; translation, Carys Evans-Corrales ; consultant, Susan Kart.

Early America revisited / Ivan Van Sertima.

Prehistory of the Americas / Stuart J. Fiedel.

The settlement of the Americas : a new prehistory / Thomas D. Dillehay.

Anthropology / William A. Haviland.

Cultural anthropology : an applied perspective / Gary Ferraro.

SA

key:

• - = not listed in this source
• † = extinct
• ? = i dont know

single langs

Campbell	Kaufman	extinct?
Aguano	-	†
Ahuaqué	Awaké
Aikaná	Aikaná
Andoque	Andoke
Baenan	Baenã	†
Betoi	Betoi	†
Camsá	Kamsá
Candoshi	Kandoshi
Canichana	Kanichana
Carabayo	-
Cayuvava	Kayuvava
Chiquitano	Chikitano
Cofán	Kofán
Culle	Kulyi	† ?
Cunza	Kunsa	†
Esmeralda	Ezmeralda	†
Fulnió	Fulnió
Gamela	Gamela	†
Gorgotoqui	Gorgotoki	†
Guamo	Wamo	†
Guató	Guató
Huamoé	Wamoé	†
Huarpe	Warpe	†
Irantxe	Iranshe
Itonama	Itonama
Jeikó	Jeikó	†
Jotí	Hotí
Kaimbe	-
Kaliana	Kaliana
Kapixaná	Kapishaná
Karirí	Karirí	†
Katembrí	Katembrí	†
Kaweskar	Kawéskar
Koayá	Koayá	†
Kukurá	Kukurá	†
Leco	Leko	†
Lule	Lule	†
Maku	Maku	† ?
Mapudungu	Mapudungu
Matanawí	Matanawí	†
Movima	Movima
Munichi	Munichi
Muzo	-
Natú	Natú	†
Ofayé	Ofayé
Omurano	Omurano	†
Otí	Otí	†
Pakarara	-
Panche	-
Pankararú	Pankararú	†
Pantagora	-
Patagón	-
Pijao	-
Puelche	Puelche	†
Puquina	Pukina	†
Rikbaktsá	Rikbaktsá
Sabela	Sabela
Sechura	Sechura	†
Tarairiú	Tarairiú	†
Taruma	Taruma	†
Taushiro
Tequiraca	Tekiraka	†
Ticuna	Tikuna
Trumai	Trumai
Tuxá	Tushá	†
Urarina	Urarina
Vilela	Vilela
Wakona	-
Warao	Warao
Xokó	Shokó	†
Xukurú	Shukurú	†
Yagan	Yámana	†
Yaruro	Jaruro
Yuracare	Yurakare
Yuri	Jurí	†
Yurumanguí	Yurimangi	†

families

Campbell	Kaufman	extinct?
Arauan	Arawán
Aymaran	Haki
Barbacoan	Barbakóan
Bororoan	Boróroan
Botocudoan	Aimoré
Cahuapanan	Kawapánan
Cariban	Káriban
Catacaoan	Katakáoan	†
Chapacuran	Chapakúran
Charruan	Charrúan	†
Chibchan	Chíbchan
Chimuan	Chimúan	†
Chipaya-Uru	Chipaya
Chocoan	Chokó
Cholonan	Cholónan	†
Chon	Chon
Guajiboan	Wahívoan
Guaykuruan	Waikurúan
Harákmbut	Harákmbut
Jabutian	Jabutían
Jean	Je
Jirajaran	Hiraháran	†
Jivaroan	Hívaro
Kamakanan	Kamakánan	†
Karajá	Karajá
Katukinan	Katukínan
Maipurean	Maipúrean
Mascoyan	Maskóian
Matacoan	Matákoan
Maxakalían	Mashakalían
Misumalpan	Misumalpa
Mosetenan	Mosetén
Muran	Múran
Nambiquaran	Nambikuara
Otomacoan	Otomákoan	†
Paezan	Páesan
Panoan	Pánoan
Puinavean	Puinávean
Purian	Purían	†
Quechuan	Kechua
Sálivan	Sálivan
Tacanan	Takánan
Timotean	Timótean	†
Tiniguan	Tiníwan	†
Tucanoan	Tukánoan
Tupian	Tupían
Witotoan	Bóran
Witotoan	Witótoan
Yaguan	Yáwan
Yanomaman	Yanomáman
Zamucoan	Samúkoan
Zaparoan	Sáparoan

Swadesh

1. Macro-Zamuco
   1. Yurimangi
   2. Tekiraka
   3. Kanichana

Viet

ask Pham about vowels

Endnotes

Thompson's vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	iː		ɯː    uː
Upper-Mid	eː		ɤː    oː
Lower-Mid	ɛː		ʌ      ɔː
Upper-Low		ɐ
Lower-Low	aː

Han's vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i	ɨ	u
Upper-Mid	e		o
Lower-Mid	ɛ	ɜː/ɜ	ɔ
Low		ɐː/ɐ

Nguyễn's vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i		ɯ    u
Mid	e	əː/ə	o
Low	a	ɐː/ɐ	ɒ

Pham's vowels

	Front	Central	Back
High	i	ɨ	u
Upper-Mid	e	ɘː/ɘ	o
Lower-Mid	ɛː/ɛ		ɔ
Low		ɐ

comparison of orthography & vowel descriptions

Orthography	this website	Thompson	Han	Nguyễn	Pham
i	i	i	i	i	i
ê	e	e	e	e	e
e	ɛ	ɛ	ɛ	a	ɛ
ư	ɨ	ɯ	ɨ	ɯ	ɨ
u	u	u	u	u	u
ô	o	o	o	o	o
o	ɔ	ɔ	ɔ	ɒ	ɔ
ơ	əː	ɤ	ɜː	əː	ɘː
â	ɜ	ʌ	ɜ	ə	ɘ
a	ɐː	a	ɐː	ɐː
ă	ɐ	ɐ	ɐ	ɐ