1192
| Millennium: | 2nd millennium |
|---|---|
| Centuries: | |
| Decades: | |
| Years: |
| 1192 by topic |
|---|
| Leaders |
| Birth and death categories |
| Births – Deaths |
| Establishments and disestablishments categories |
| Establishments – Disestablishments |
| Art and literature |
| 1192 in poetry |
| Gregorian calendar | 1192 MCXCII |
| Ab urbe condita | 1945 |
| Armenian calendar | 641 ԹՎ ՈԽԱ |
| Assyrian calendar | 5942 |
| Balinese saka calendar | 1113–1114 |
| Bengali calendar | 599 |
| Berber calendar | 2142 |
| English Regnal year | 3 Ric. 1 – 4 Ric. 1 |
| Buddhist calendar | 1736 |
| Burmese calendar | 554 |
| Byzantine calendar | 6700–6701 |
| Chinese calendar | 辛亥年 (Metal Pig) 3889 or 3682 — to — 壬子年 (Water Rat) 3890 or 3683 |
| Coptic calendar | 908–909 |
| Discordian calendar | 2358 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1184–1185 |
| Hebrew calendar | 4952–4953 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1248–1249 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1113–1114 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4292–4293 |
| Holocene calendar | 11192 |
| Igbo calendar | 192–193 |
| Iranian calendar | 570–571 |
| Islamic calendar | 587–588 |
| Japanese calendar | Kenkyū 3 (建久３年) |
| Javanese calendar | 1099–1100 |
| Julian calendar | 1192 MCXCII |
| Korean calendar | 3525 |
| Minguo calendar | 720 before ROC 民前720年 |
| Nanakshahi calendar | −276 |
| Seleucid era | 1503/1504 AG |
| Thai solar calendar | 1734–1735 |
| Tibetan calendar | 阴金猪年 (female Iron-Pig) 1318 or 937 or 165 — to — 阳水鼠年 (male Water-Rat) 1319 or 938 or 166 |
Year 1192 (MCXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 1192nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 192nd year of the 2nd millennium, the 92nd year of the 12th century, and the 3rd year of the 1190s decade.
Events
[edit]- January 7 – Venus occults Jupiter.[1]
- April 28 – Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I), King of Jerusalem, is assassinated in Tyre, only days after his title to the throne is confirmed by election. The killing is carried out by Hashshashin, later the basis of folk etymology for the English word "assassin."[2]
- August 21 – Minamoto no Yoritomo is granted the title of shōgun, thereby officially establishing the first shogunate in the history of Japan.[3][4]
- Margaritus of Brindisi is created the first Count of Malta for capturing Constance, Holy Roman Empress in 1191.
- Second Battle of Tarain in India: The Ghurid forces of Mu'izz al-Din are victorious over Prithviraj Chauhan.[5]
- The Lugouqiao (later the Marco Polo) Bridge is completed in Beijing.[6]
- Constance, Holy Roman Empress is released by Tancred, King of Sicily under the pressure of Pope Celestine III in May, and returns to Germany in June.[7]
- Prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich of Novgorod burns down Tartu and Otepää Castles, in Estonia.
The Third Crusade
[edit]- August 5 – Battle of Jaffa: Richard I of England defeats the forces of Saladin and ends hostilities, paving the way for a truce.[8][9]
- September 2 – After negotiations between Richard and Saladin, the Treaty of Jaffa is signed, which makes sure Jerusalem remains in Muslim hands, but insures visiting rights for pilgrims to come to the Holy City. The Third Crusade ends.[10][11]
- October 9 – Richard leaves the Holy Land, setting sail from Acre and beginning his return to Europe.[12]
- December 11 – Returning from the Third Crusade, Richard I of England is taken prisoner by Leopold V, Duke of Austria, and secured at Dürnstein.[13][14]
Births
[edit]- September 17 – Minamoto no Sanetomo, Japanese shōgun (d. 1219)[15]
- Queen Maria of Jerusalem (d. 1212)[16][17]
- King Stefan Radoslav of Serbia (d. 1234)[18]
- Saint Syed Jalaluddin Bukhari of Uch Sharif (d. 1291)[19][20]
Deaths
[edit]
- April 26 – Emperor Go-Shirakawa of Japan (b. 1127)[21][22]
- April 28 – Conrad of Montferrat, King of Jerusalem (b. mid-1140s)[2]
- May 8 – Duke Ottokar IV, Duke of Styria (b. 1163)[23][24]
- August 25 – Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1142)[25][26]
- Saint Margaret of England, English saint[27]
- Ikhtiyar al-Din Hasan ibn Ghafras, vizier of the Sultanate of Rum[28]
- Kilij Arslan II, Sultan of Rum[29]
- Rashid ad-Din Sinan, the "Old Man of the Mountain", leader of the Hashashin sect (b. 1132/1135)[30][31]
- Prithviraj Chauhan, King of the Chauhan Dynasty (b. 1177)[5]
References
[edit]- ^ "Assorted planetary/lunar events: Mutual planetary events, -1000 to +6000". www.projectpluto.com. August 17, 1998. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
- ^ a b Daftary, Farhad; Sacy, Antoine Isaac Baron Silvestre de (1994). The Assassin Legends: Myths of the Isma'ilis. London, New York: I.B. Tauris. p. 72. ISBN 9781850437055.
- ^ Deal, William E. (2007) [2005]. Handbook to Life in Medieval and Early Modern Japan. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 37. ISBN 9780195331264.
- ^ Krenner, Walther G. von; Jeremiah, Ken (2015). Creatures Real and Imaginary in Chinese and Japanese Art: An Identification Guide. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. pp. 135–136. ISBN 9781476619583.
- ^ a b Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2008). History of Ancient India: Earliest Times to 1000 A. D. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 210. ISBN 9788126900275.
- ^ Aldrich, M. A. (2006). The Search for a Vanishing Beijing: A Guide to China's Capital Through the Ages. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. p. 286. ISBN 9789622097773.
- ^ Hughes, Philip (1979) [1935]. History of the Church. Vol. 2: The Church In The World The Church Created: Augustine To Aquinas. London: A&C Black. p. 317. ISBN 9780722079829.
- ^ Nicholson, Helen J. (2001) [1997]. The Chronicle of the Third Crusade: A Translation of the Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781351892780.
- ^ Stevenson, W. B. (2013) [1907]. The Crusaders in the East: A Brief History of the Wars of Islam with the Latins in Syria During the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 284–285. ISBN 9781107669093.
- ^ Philips, Jonathan (2014) [2002]. The Crusades, 1095-1204 (Second ed.). London and New York: Routledge. pp. xx. ISBN 9781317755876.
- ^ Hilliam, David (2004). Richard the Lionheart and the Third Crusade: The English King Confronts Saladin in AD 1191. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. p. 45. ISBN 9780823942138.
- ^ Andrea, Alfred; Whalen, Brett E. (2008) [2000]. Contemporary Sources for the Fourth Crusade: Revised Edition. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 232. ISBN 9789047433835.
- ^ Ailes, Adrian (2015). "Government Seals of Richard I". In Schofield, Phillipp R. (ed.). Seals and their Context in the Middle Ages. Oxford and Philadelphia: Oxbow Books. p. 103. ISBN 9781782978176.
- ^ Matthew, Donald (2001) [1992]. The Norman Kingdom of Sicily. Cambridge Medieval Texts. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 288. ISBN 9780521269117.
- ^ Chiang, Howard (2015). Historical Epistemology and the Making of Modern Chinese Medicine. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press. p. 51. ISBN 9780719096006.
- ^ Bellomo, Elena (2008). The Templar Order in North-west Italy: (1142 - C. 1330). Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 144. ISBN 9789004163645.
- ^ Commire, Anne (2001). Women in World History. Waterford, CT: Gale. p. 401. ISBN 9780787640699.
- ^ Podskalsky, Gerhard (2000). "Two Archbishops of Achrida (Ochrid) and their significance for Macedonia's secular and church history: Theophylaktos and Demetrios Chomatenos". In Burke, John; Scott, Roger (eds.). Byzantine Macedonia: Identity, Image and History: Papers from the Melbourne Conference July 1995. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 147. ISBN 9789004344730.
- ^ Asif, Manan Ahmed (2016). A Book of Conquest: The Chachnama and Muslim Origins in South Asia. Cambridge, MA and London: Harvard University Press. p. 210. ISBN 9780674660113.
- ^ Hanif, N. (2000). Biographical Encyclopaedia of Sufis: South Asia. New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. p. 169. ISBN 9788176250870.
- ^ Perkins, George W. (1998). The Clear Mirror: A Chronicle of the Japanese Court During the Kamakura Period (1185-1333). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. p. 31. ISBN 9780804763882.
- ^ Varley, Paul (2008). "The Way of the Warrior". In Bary, William Theodore De (ed.). Sources of East Asian Tradition: Premodern Asia. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 759. ISBN 9780231143059.
- ^ Loud, Graham A. (2010). The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick and Related Texts. Crusade Texts in Translation. Vol. 19. New York, London: Routledge. ISBN 9781317036845.
- ^ Loud, Graham A. (2017). "A Political and Social Revolution: the Development of the Territorial Principalities in Germany". In Loud, Graham A.; Schenk, Jochen (eds.). The Origins of the German Principalities, 1100-1350: Essays by German Historians. New York and London: Taylor & Francis. p. 16. ISBN 9781317022008.
- ^ Graham, William (1862). Genealogical and Historical Diagrams, Illustrative of the History of Scotland, England, France, and Germany. From the Ninth Century to the Present Time. Edinburgh and London: Oliver & Boyd. p. 17.
- ^ Bouchard, Constance Brittain (1999) [1987]. Sword, Miter, and Cloister: Nobility and the Church in Burgundy, 980-1198. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press. p. 256. ISBN 9780801475269.
- ^ Butler, Alban (1798). The Lives Of The Primitive Fathers, Martyrs, And Other Principal Saints: Compiled From Original Monuments And Other Authentic Records. Vol. II (Third ed.). London and Newcastle: J. Moir. p. 43.
- ^ Bryer, Anthony (1980). The Empire of Trebizond and the Pontos. London: Variorum Reprints. p. 181. ISBN 9780860780625.
- ^ Stavrides, Théoharis (2001). The Sultan of Vezirs: The Life and Times of the Ottoman Grand Vezir Mahmud Pasha Angelović (1453-1474). Leiden, Boston, Köln: BRILL. p. 48. ISBN 9789004121065.
- ^ Willey, Peter (2005). The Eagle's Nest: Ismaili Castles in Iran and Syria. London and New York: I.B.Tauris. p. 49. ISBN 9781850434641.
- ^ Bosworth, Clifford Edmund; van Donzel, E.; W. P., Heinrichs; Pellat, Ch. (1989). The Encyclopaedia of Islam: Fascicules 111-112 : Masrah Mawlid. Leiden, Boston: BRILL. p. 790. ISBN 9789004092396.